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Smart motorway
A smart motorway (formerly managed motorway) is a section of motorway in Great Britain which uses active traffic management (ATM) techniques to increase capacity by use of variable speed limits and hard shoulder running at busy times. Benefits include smoother traffic flows, more reliable journey times, fewer road traffic collisions, and reduced noise and harmful vehicle emissions. The term controlled motorway is used for schemes that use variable speed limits without hard-shoulder running (for example, the M25 from J27 to J30).
==History==
The technique was first used in the UK on the M42 motorway in the West Midlands in 2006.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=unknown )〕 A higher speed limit of was trialed on the southbound carriageway between junctions 4 and 3A from 2008 (a increase on the previous maximum permissible speed).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=70mph speed limit on the M42 Active Traffic Management pilot ) 〕
In 2007 plans were announced to extend the scheme to two sections of the M6 near Birmingham (4-5 and 8a-10) by 2011 for £150 million. The emergency refuges were to be extended to every on the roll out.〔 A study into the use of ATM on the M1, M4, M20 and M25 motorways was also announced,〔 however the Department for Transport had decided to proceed with a scheme to widen sections of the M25.
A £2 billion contract was announced to extend the scheme to sections of the M1, M4, M5, M6, M60 and M62 in February 2010〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=£2 Billion In Managed Motorway Schemes Starts On UK Highways )〕 with a further announcement by the new government in October 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Transport Secretary gives the go-ahead to 24 New Schemes and announces over £600M of further funding )〕 In March 2012 the government indicated that was considering a trial of higher 80 mph speed limit on some Managed Motorways〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=80mph speed limit trial on managed motorways )〕 although proposals for higher speeds on motorways were met with caution on a number of grounds by both motoring and road safety organisations.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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